The time to stop eating and drinking to begin fasting for the day. No specific prayer at this time.
Hadith: "When the dawn breaks, eat and drink until the black thread of the dawn becomes distinct from the white thread." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 30, Hadith 9)
Sunnah: 2 Rak'ahs (silent), before the Fard.
Hadith: "Whoever prays the two Rak'ahs before Fajr, they will be written among the righteous." (Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 2, Hadith 1225)
Fard: 2 Rak'ahs (loud).
Hadith: "The two rak'ahs of Fajr are better than the world and everything in it." (Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 759)
Note: No prayer is allowed at this time as the sun rises above the horizon, wait until the time of Ishraq.
Hadith: "When the sun rises, do not pray until it has fully risen." (Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 756)
Optional: 2 Rak'ahs (silent).
Hadith: "Anas bin Malik narrated that :
the Messenger of Allah said: "Whoever prays Fajr in congregation, then sits remembering Allah until the sun has risen, then he prays two Rak'ah, then for him is the reward like that of a Hajj and Umrah." He said: "The Messenger of Allah said: 'Complete, complete, complete.'"
(Jami` at-Tirmidhi 586)
Optional: Pray 2 to 8 Rak'ahs (silent).
Hadith: "Abu Dharr (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"In the morning, charity is due on every joint bone of the body of everyone of you. Every utterance of Allah's Glorification (i.e., saying SubhanAllah) is an act of charity, and every utterance of His Praise (i.e., saying Al-hamdu lillah) is an act of charity and every utterance of declaration of His Greatness (i.e., saying La ilaha illAllah) is an act of charity; and enjoining good (Ma'ruf) is an act of charity, and forbidding evil (Munkar) is an act of charity, and two Rak'ah Duha prayers which one performs in the forenoon is equal to all this (in reward).
(Riyad as-Salihin 1140)"
Sunnah:4 Rak'ahs (silent), before the Fard.
Hadith: "Whoever prays four Rak'ahs before the Dhuhr prayer, Allah will build for him a house in Paradise." (Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 4, Hadith 1264)
Fard: 4 Rak'ahs (silent).
Hadith: "The prayer of Dhuhr is the middle prayer, so be mindful of it." (Sahih Bukhari, Book 10, Hadith 509)
Sunnah: 2 Rak'ahs (silent), after the Fard.
Hadith: "The two Rak'ahs after Dhuhr are a means of protection from the punishment of the grave." (Sunan an-Nasa'i, Book 8, Hadith 1393)
Hadith: "The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Whoever prays four Rak'ahs before Dhuhr and four after it, Allah will make him immune from the Fire.” (Sunan an-Nasa’i, Book 8, Hadith 1392)
Fard: 4 Rak'ahs (silent).
Hadith: "Whoever misses the Asr prayer, it is as if he has lost his family and property." (Sahih Bukhari, Book 10, Hadith 582)
Hadith: "The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever performs the Asr prayer on time, his sins will be forgiven, but whoever misses it, his deeds will be rejected.'" (Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 753)
Fard: 3 Rak'ahs (loud).
Hadith: "Whoever performs the Maghrib prayer and then praises Allah, it is as if he has fasted the entire day." (Sahih Muslim, Book 6, Hadith 2569)
Hadith: "Maghrib is the prayer that brings the evening, and whoever prays it properly will be protected until the morning." (Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 746)
Sunnah: 2 Rak'ahs (silent) after the Fard.
Hadith: "The two Rak'ahs after Maghrib are a means of protection from the punishment of the grave." (Sunan an-Nasa’i, Book 8, Hadith 1393)
Hadith: "Maghrib prayer is the beginning of a great reward, as the two Rak'ahs after it help purify and protect the believer from harm." (Tirmidhi, Hadith 426)
Sunnah: 2 Rak'ahs (silent), before the Fard.
Hadith: "The Prophet (ﷺ) used to pray two Rak'ahs before the Isha prayer." (Sahih Bukhari, Book 11, Hadith 596)
Fard: 4 Rak'ahs (loud), obligatory.
Hadith: "The five daily prayers, and whoever prays them, Allah will make them a means of forgiveness for his past sins." (Sahih Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 349)
Hadith: "Whoever prays the Isha prayer in congregation, it is as if he spent half the night in prayer." (Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 759)
Sunnah: 2 Rak'ahs (silent), after the Fard.
Hadith: "The Prophet (ﷺ) would pray two Rak'ahs after the Isha prayer." (Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 757)
Witr: 3 Rak'ahs (loud), strongly recommended.
Hadith: "The Witr prayer is a right upon every Muslim." (Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 759)
Optional: Pray 2 additional Rak'ahs Sunnah (silent) after Witr.
Hadith: "After the Witr prayer, you can pray additional voluntary prayers as a means of drawing closer to Allah." (Sunan Abu Dawood, Book 5, Hadith 1390)
Optional: Perform Tahajjud prayer during the first third of the night. This time is still considered virtuous, though the Prophet (ﷺ) didn’t specifically mention this time as a preferred time for night prayer. However, performing prayer at any time of the night is beneficial and praised.
Hadith: "The Prophet (ﷺ) used to pray during the night until his feet became swollen. Aisha (RA) asked him: 'Why do you pray so much when your past and future sins have been forgiven?' He replied: 'Should I not be a grateful servant of Allah?'" (Sahih Bukhari, Book 21, Hadith 246)
Hadith: "The best prayer after the obligatory prayers is the night prayer." (Sahih Muslim, Book 4, Hadith 759)
Optional: You may also perform Tahajjud prayer during the middle of the night. While not specifically mentioned, it’s a time when many scholars suggest that prayer is still highly virtuous, as it falls between the two most significant periods of the night.
Hadith: "Allah descends to the lowest heaven in the last third of the night. But the middle of the night is still a blessed time to seek Allah's mercy, as the Prophet (ﷺ) encouraged continuous worship throughout the night." (Sahih Bukhari, Book 21, Hadith 246)
Optional: The last third of the night is the most virtuous time for Tahajjud prayer. During this time, Allah descends to the lowest heaven to respond to supplications, making it a time of immense reward and mercy.
Hadith: "In the last third of the night, our Lord descends to the lowest heaven and says: 'Is there anyone who is asking Me for something, that I may give it to him? Is there anyone who is asking for forgiveness, that I may forgive him?'" (Sahih Bukhari, Book 21, Hadith 246)